retinal pigment epithelium is responsible for maintaining the structural integrity of the retina by an efficient defense against free radicals, photo-oxidative exposure and light energy. for this purpose the main rpe line of defense is melanosomes. melanin content of retinal pigment epithelium cells in adults and neonates reveals remarkable variations. in the current study we compared melanogen...

rice plants are injured at the seedling stage in early spring in northern iran. in order to study rice response to cold stress, the expression of osdreb1a, osap37, osmyb3r-2, and osnac6 genes encoding transcription factors was observed in 14-day-old seedlings of cold-tolerant genotype pr and cold-sensitive cv. hashemi during cold stress (5°c for 24 h) using the differential display method and t...

Macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularised and hypoxic sites including solid tumours, wounds and sites of infection and inflammation where they can be exposed to low levels of oxygen for long periods. Up to date, different studies have shown that a number of transcription factors are activated by hypoxia which in turn activate a broad array of mitogenic, pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and pro...