We propose a general definition of “two-sided markets,” identify the conditions under which a market is indeed two-sided, and, finally, discuss why two-sidedness matters for business and public policies.

An ideal I of a ring A is essentially nilpotent if I contains a nilpotent ideal N of A such that J 91N # 0 whenever J is a nonzero ideal of A contained in I. We show that each ring A has a unique largest essentially nilpotent ideal EN(A). We study the properties of EN(A) and, in particular, we investigate how this ideal behaves with respect to related rings.

NUMBER 4 A target hides himself in one of the boxes 1,2, ... , m with probability distribution X=<Xl, ... , Xm) and can move to any of other boxes after each unsuccessful search by a searcher. The searcher is not informed of x and continues search until the target is found. He is informed of Ci'S, i.e., examination costs of each box, and ai's, i= 1, ... , m, where ai is the probability of overl...

Various economic interactions can be modeled as two-sided markets. A central solution concept to these markets are stable matchings, introduced by Gale and Shapley. It is well known that stable matchings can be computed in polynomial time, but many real-life markets lack a central authority to match agents. In those markets, matchings are formed by actions of self-interested agents. Knuth intro...

In two-sided matching problem, there are overwhelming evidences that support peoples are also motivated by concerns for fairness and reciprocity. We will show that compromise which is individually irrational improves the welfare of the whole groups. The reasonable compromise level is obtained as the function of the size of the group so that the social utility should be maximized.

Function filtering enhances dynamic programming methods working on a tree decomposition of the constraint graph. It is based on bounds for tuples: if the lower bound of tuple t is equal to or higher than a suitable upper bound, t can be discarded, decrementing the size of the message to travel in the tree decomposition. We present a new form of lower bound that tightens the lower bound of the o...

This chapter provides a roadmap to the burgeoning literature on two-sided markets with a speci…c focus on BtoB marketplaces. Online intermediation involves two-sided network e¤ects between buyers and sellers, and the implications for optimal BtoB platforms’tari¤s are discussed. The chapter discusses …rst the monopoly case, drawing attention to the distinction between upfront registration fees a...