In December 2008, 8 in 10 rural Medicare beneficiaries had creditable prescription drug coverage, and over half of these beneficiaries were enrolled in a prescription drug coverage option offered through the Medicare Part D program (Figure 1). However, the array of coverage patterns for rural and urban beneficiaries is strikingly different. Rural beneficiaries are more likely to enroll in stand...

Today, urban transportation has attracted urban planners’ and researchers' attention because of air and noise pollution problems associated with it. In Shahrkord city in Iran, no plans have been made for sustainable transportation, and the available poor transportation infrastructure is not responsive to the growing population of the city. This issue has inflicted the city with serious problems...

the natural result of the application of modernization approach in developing countries is the formation and development of large-scale migration from rural to urban areas. this has changed the sex structure of population in a number of rural settlements in the country. as the current situation maintains, it is clear that women will be the main beneficiaries of the development plans in rural ar...

The paper is dusted to an evaluation methodology for urban renewal plans. A central rol e is played by the concept of supply profil es of urban facilities. Urban renewal is considered to be a qualitative improvement of these profil es. Many urban renewal plans are characterized by the availability of soft (ordinal or qualitative) information. Therefore, the paper gives an overview óf soft muUi ...

Elements of urban terrain models such as streets, pavements, lawns, walls, and fences are fundamental for effective recognition and convincing appearance of virtual 3D cities and virtual 3D landscapes. These elements complement important other components such as 3D building models and 3D vegetation models. This paper introduces an object-oriented, rule-based and heuristic-based approach for mod...