background : cockroaches are found as the most common urban pests of tropical countries, prompting economic and serious health risk problem for humans by carrying microbes and allergens, acting as vector for various patho­gens of diseases. the present study was conducted from april 2013 to march 2014 in various human dwelling local­ities of urban area of district lahore, pakistan. methods : coc...

Using the City of Roanoke, Virginia as a study site, this paper quantifies the forest structure, ecosystem services and values of vacant and residential land. Single family residential land had more trees (1,683,000) than vacant land (210,000) due largely to the differences in land area (32.44 km2 of vacant land vs. 57.94 km2 residential). While the percentage of tree coverage was almost identi...

Background & objectives: Health care centers are among the most important and essential centers that proper and timely access to them is one of the basic goals of social justice. The health of the individual and the community depends on the centers that provide primary health care. Rapid, timely, and inexpensive access to these centers is very important and necessary, in any community, especial...

share of income inequality.1 In part, today’s rural–urban gap reflects the institutional legacies of socialism. Beginning in the 1950s, Communist Party leaders clearly separated urban and rural residents through a strictly enforced residential permit (hukou) system (see chapter 3), establishing urban and industrial development as the main objective of economic planning. Urban workers were provi...

Residential landscapes across the United States have been significantly altered in recent years by the increased racial and ethnic diversity evident within urban areas. In New Orleans, Louisiana, residential landscapes were particularly impacted by the disruptive influences associated with Hurricane Katrina, a storm that ultimately transformed the demographic make-up of this urban area. This re...

As a result of rapid urban economic development and improvement in living standards, urban residential electricity consumption in China is increasing quickly. Although the factors which influence the urban residential load are complex, an objective analysis followed by the setting up of a logical urban residential load forecast model can offer a scientific basis for decisions regarding urban po...

Kline, Jeffrey D.; Alig, Ralph J. 2001. A spatial model of land use change for western Oregon and western Washington. Res. Pap. PNW-RP-528. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 24 p. We developed an empirical model describing the probability that forests and farmland in western Oregon and western Washington were developed for resident...

The city of Zarghan is located 25 km northeast of Shiraz, southern Iran. Zarghan is affected by numerous pollution sources such as oil refinery, an industrial park, and Shiraz-Tehran highway. The numerous contaminating sources around Zarghan can cause serious local air pollution. Sulfur dioxide gas is an important index of air pollution in cities. Therefore, in order to control and manage Zargh...