* Corresponding author Seyed Taher Esfahani, MD Department of Pediatric Nephrology Children Medical Center Dr. Gharib St., Azadi Ave. Tehran, IRAN Tel: +9821-66929234 Fax: +9821-66930024 E-mail: esfahanisedtaher@ yahoo.com Introduction: The association of sacral anomalies with fecal incontinence and lower urinary tract dysfunction is known. The sacral ratio is proposed as a tool for evaluation ...

Regular ultrasound examinations carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy help in detecting many anomalies in the fetal urinary tract. Their percentage ranges from 1% to 3% of all controlled pregnancies. There is a wide spectrum of anomalies that affect the urinary tract, but the most significant are: uretero/hydronephrosis (unilateral or bilateral), kidney agenesis, dysplastic kidney, p...

Microbiota is a cluster of physiological and pathogenic microorganisms found in many tissues organs living things, including such as bacteria, viruses, fungi. has important roles on system functions immune system, urinary digestive system. However, these can cause obstruction the genital tract, epididymitis orchitis, thus may lead to infertility. In addition, apathogenic viruses fungi have nega...

Background: Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) may be a variety of presentation of underlying urinary tract abnormalities including vesicoureteral reflex (VUR), obstructive uropathy, urolithiasis, and ureteral duplication. The long-term complications of UTI with these conditions are renal scarring, hypertension, and chronic renal failure. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incide...

Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and the urinary tract are the most common sonographically identified -malformations in the prenatal period. Obstructive uropathies account for the majority of cases. The aim of prenatal diagnosis and management is to detect those anomalies having impact on the prognosis of the affected child and -requiring early postnatal evaluation or treatment to minimi...

Congenital anomalies of the urinary tract system are common. The ectopic pelvic kidney is a rare anomaly about 1:2500 live births, left side being more common. Here we are reporting a case of left ectopic kidney with non rotation and morphologically normal right kidney. The case was found during routine dissection in the department of anatomy in an adult male cadaver. There were no other anomal...

INTRODUCTION Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent several types of malformations with occurrence of 1 in about 500 live births. OBJECTIVE Small for gestation age (SGA) may influence in prevalence of CAKUT and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The aim of this study was to elaborate our experiences with detected CAKUT in a cohort of SGA b...

Abstract Background Children are frequently referred to the pediatric radiology department due complaints related urinary tract. Main body We aimed describe common clinical scenarios in paediatric urology practice and their recommended imaging diagnostic algorithms. Practical approach following radiological findings discussed: (A) perinatal tract dilatation other congenital anomalies; (B) recur...

background and objectives: urinary tract infections (uti) are one of the most common infectious diseases with different microbial agent and antimicrobial resistant pattern in hospitalized patients and outpatients. in order to assess the adequacy of therapy, knowledge of prevalence and resistance pattern of the bacteria is necessary. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and ...