background: the prevention of work disability is beneficial to employees and employers, and mitigates unnecessary societal costs associated with social welfare. many service providers and employers have initiated workplace interventions designed to reduce unnecessary work disability. objective: to conduct a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace interventions that address ph...

BACKGROUND The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 offered the promise that prospective drug utilization review (pDUR) systems would improve the quality of drug prescribing and patient drug use. There is little evidence that this promise has been fulfilled. To the contrary, there is growing evidence that suboptimal use of drugs (in terms of preventable drug-related morbidity) is at least ...

The growing worldwide epidemic of obesity and diabetes portends a significant increase in cardiovascular disease. Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, and there is growing evidence that these conditions independently increase the risk of heart failure. Changes in myocardial substrate utilization develop in obesity and insulin resistance, and are characterized by increased fatty acid o...

Literature Review This chapter presents a review of literature related to effective counselor characteristics (ECC) and admission requirements, and procedures. First, research on the characteristics of effective counselors is presented. Second, graduate college admission requirements and procedures are examined. Third, professional development and standards of preparation are investigated. Thes...

CONTEXT Retrospective drug utilization review is required of all state Medicaid programs and is performed by most private-sector prescription programs. However, it has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes or reduce the rate of potential prescribing errors, known as "exceptions." OBJECTIVE To look for an effect of retrospective drug utilization review on the rate of exceptions and of cl...

PURPOSE The purpose of this review is to provide guidance that aids in the practical design, implementation, and analysis of medication use evaluations (MUEs) for postsurgical pain management. SUMMARY Clinicians have long employed drug use evaluations or drug utilization reviews to ensure the safe and appropriate use of medications in a hospital, medical practice, or other healthcare setting....