Phenomenological evidence and analytic approximations to the QCD ground state suggest a complex gluon condensate structure. Exclusion of elementary fermion excitations by the generation of infinite mass corrections is a consequence. In addition the existence of vacuum condensates in unbroken non-abelian gauge theories, endows SU(3) and higher order groups with a non-trivial structure in the man...

It is suggested that a moving canonical particle interacts with a vacuum regarded as a ”soft” cellular space. The interaction results into the emergence of elementary excitations of space – inertons – surrounding the particle. It is assumed that such a motion leads not only to the spatial oscillation of the particle along a path but to the oscillation of the particle centre-of-mass as well. Thi...

We derive compact analytical formulae of the Bonneau-Martin type for the reaction e + e − → ¯ f f γ with cuts on minimal energy and acollinearity of the fermions, where the photons may be emitted both from the initial or final states. Soft photon exponentiation is also taken into account. One of the cleanest scattering processes at elementary particle accelerators is fermion-pair production in ...

One of the major goals of the Large Hadron Collider is to probe the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism and the generation of the masses of the elementary particles. We review the physics of the Higgs sector in the Standard Model and some of its extensions such as supersymmetric theories and models of extra dimensions. The prospects for discovering the Higgs particles at the LHC and the stu...

T he search for physics beyond the standard model—our current best description of fundamental particles and the interactions between them—is a top priority at high-energy particle accelerators. But researchers are also searching for new physics in the “low-energy” environment of the nucleus through a process known as neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay. This hypothetical decay would show that...

The 21st century is the Information Age, characterised by an economy based on information computerisation. In this new era of computing, role physics becoming crucial and practical. Thus, not seen anymore as abstract purely academic endeavour. This study addresses inventions' contributions to computer science, society, economy. particular, discoveries in superconductivity, quantum mechanics, el...

The aim of this brief review is to present a case study of how bounds on Lorentz-violating parameters can be obtained from astrophysics data. For this purpose, a particularly simple Lorentz-violating modification of the Maxwell theory of photons is considered, which maintains gauge invariance, CPT, and renormalization. With a minimal coupling of the photon to a standard spin– 1 2 Dirac particle...

INTRODUCTION Protons, electrons, neutrons, neutrinos and even quarks are often featured in news of scientific discoveries. All of these, and a whole "zoo" of others, are tiny sub-atomic particles too small to be seen even with the microscopes. While molecules and atoms are the basic elements of familiar substances that we can see and feel, we have to "look" within atoms in order to learn about ...

A new formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics is presented and applied to a free, massive, spin-zero elementary particle in the Minkowski spacetime. The reformulation requires that time space, as well timelike spacelike intervals, are treated equally, which makes theory fully symmetric consistent with special relativity. correctly reproduces classical action path integral formalism, allow...