Vascular dementia (VaD) is a pathogenetically heterogeneous neuropsychiatric syndrome, mainly characterized by cognitive impairment. Among dementias, it is second by incidence after Alzheimer's dementia (AD). VaD biomolecular bases have been poorly characterized, but vascular-linked factors affecting the CNS and its functions are generally hypothesized to perform a major role, together with car...

Voluntary assisted dying (VAD) is when a terminally ill person with decision-making capacity consensually ends their life assistance from an authorised professional. Many countries have legalised VAD, and health professionals’ roles within VAD frameworks are varied. Health professionals must be well informed of legal obligations to ensure they practice the boundaries, those objections toward sh...

This paper presents a novel computationally efficient voice activity detection (VAD) algorithm and emphasizes the importance of such algorithms in distributed speech recognition (DSR) systems. When using VAD algorithms in telecommunication systems, the required capacity of the speech transmission channel can be reduced if only the speech parts of the signal are transmitted. A similar objective ...

Diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) or vascular dementia (VaD) is highly dependent on operational definitions. Among 480 cases of incident dementia in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Cognition Study, Lopez et al1 demonstrated how findings from brain imaging and choice of diagnostic criteria influence the classification of VaD. As shown by previous investigators, the number of...

Background Up to 53.7% of all cases of dementia are assumed to be due to Alzheimer disease (AD), while 15.8% are considered to be due to vascular dementia (VaD). In Europe, about 3 million cases of AD could be due to 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: diabetes, midlife hypertension and/or obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking, and low educational level. Aims To estimate the nu...

Voice activity detection (VAD) is one of the most critical issues on performance degradation of speech recognition in noisy environment applications. A real-time VAD was developed by using face parameters (eye and lip contours) as a front-end for the traditional speech and noise (audio) GMMbased method. Speech recognition performance of the audiovisual VAD is shown to be comparable with audio-o...

Epidemiologic studies on age-specific incidence rates (IRs) separating Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in the UK are scarce. We sought to assess IRs of AD and VaD in the UK and to compare co-morbidities and medication use between patients with AD, VaD, or without dementia. We identified cases aged ≥65 years with an incident diagnosis of AD or VaD between 1998 and 2008 using...

Throughout the 1990s a variety of schemes for the diagnosis of Vascular Dementia (VaD) were proposed, including the ADDTC criteria for Ischemic Vascular Dementia, the NINDS-AIREN criteria for Vascular Dementia, Bennett's criteria for Binswanger's disease, and the ICD-10 criteria for Vascular Dementia. We undertook a retrospective analysis of a series of ambulatory outpatients with dementia to d...

The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) is considered a very useful instrument to assess patients with dementia. The tasks are grouped into fi ve subscales, each one evaluating different cognitive areas, namely: Attention, Initiation/Perseveration (I/P), Construction, Conceptualization and Memory. Objective: To verify the ability of the DRS in discriminating vascular dementia (VaD) patients from health...

BACKGROUND Prior diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) among patients later diagnosed with vascular dementia (VaD) has been associated with excess costs, suggesting potential benefits of earlier rule-out of AD diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether prior diagnosis with AD among patients with VaD is associated with excess costs in the UK. METHODS Patients with a final VaD diagnosis, con...