The purpose of this research is to present a new mathematical modeling for a vehicle routing problem considering concurrently the criteria such as distance, weight, traffic considerations, time window limitation, and heterogeneous vehicles in the reverse logistics network for collection of expired products. In addition, we aim to present an efficient solution approach according to differential ...

This paper discusses how to nd a path in a space for a vehicle to move to the destination. The space is composed of space objects structured in a hierarchical tree named a space tree. Higher-level objects denote broader area than lower-level ones in the space tree. Vehicles rst nds broader paths which include higher-level objects in the space tree, and then the path is made more detailed as the...

This paper aims to compare a two-echelon and a single-echelon distribution system. A mathematical model for the Single-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (SE-CVRP) is proposed. This SE-CVRP is the counterpart of Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (2E-CVRP) introduced in the authors’ previous work. The proposed mathematical model is Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming (MIN...

differential steering of in-wheel electric vehicle provides the functions of both active steering and power assisted steering with the coupling control of force and displacement transfer characteristic of system. a collaborative optimization model of the differential power-assisted steering system of in-wheel electric vehicle is built, with steering economy as the main system optimization goal,...

Spatial and temporal characteristics of the propagation channel have a significant influence on multiantenna method applicability for fifth-generation- (5G-) enabled Internet Things (IoT). In this paper, statistical novel three-dimensional (3D) geometric-based stochastic model next-generation vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications under nonisotropic scatte...

Vehicle dynamics models are widely used in many areas of the automotive industry. The usability each model depends on how well it is able to mimic behavior real vehicle. Each simulation must go through a thorough investigation process first, which called validation. Although, vehicle and methodology for computational validation established fields, best authors’ knowledge general framework still...