The X gene of Borna disease virus (BDV) encodes a nonstructural 10-kDa protein that can interact with viral polymerase cofactor P, thus regulating polymerase activity. It remained unknown whether X is essential for virus multiplication. All our attempts to generate mutant BDV with a nonfunctional X gene proved unsuccessful. However, a mutant virus with an inactive X gene was able to replicate i...

objective(s):solanum acueastrum dunal.has been shown to have some chemotherapeutic value. leaf and berry water and methanol compounds of s. acueastrum were evaluated for possible antileishmanial activity in vivo on balb/c mice and in vitro against leishmania major promastigotes, amastigotes and vero cells.  materials and methods: dry s. aculeastrum berry and leaf material were extracted in meth...

background: morphological changes of the cells infected with rubella virus cannot be observed easily. estimation of the size of the cultured cells can be a valuable parameter in this condition. this study was conducted to find answers to the following questions: how much time after infection with rubella virus, the volume and surface area of the vero cells and their nuclei get started to change...

introduction: inactivated influenza vaccines are traditionally produced in chicken embryonated eggs but its limitations in producing the required doses in pandemic outbreaks quickly enough has made searching for alternative modes of production necessary. the use of cell culture-based vaccine production is one way of overcoming the limitations of the egg-based method and securing a more rapid re...

The DNA hypomethylating agent 5-azacytidine greatly increased the reactivation of alphaherpesvirus saimiri-1 (alpha HVS) from latently infected rabbit dorsal root ganglia, although it inhibited the virus yield and plaque formation efficiency of alpha HVS in Vero cells. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (a protein kinase C activator) and sodium n-butyrate both had a stimulating action on repl...