OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to identify the pricing, reimbursement, and market access (P&R&MA) considerations most relevant to advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) in the Big5EU, and to inform their manufacturers about the key drivers for securing adoption at a commercially viable reimbursed price. METHODOLOGY The research was structured following three main steps: 1) Identif...

Unions are held responsible for various wage effects, such as higher wages and w age compression. In this paper we investigate another possible union effect on w ages: are the actions of unions responsible for the observed relation betw een required education and w ages? It is w ell know n that wages are related to education, and there is also strong evidence that working in a job requiring a l...

globalization may have different impacts on the gender wage gap depending on the specialization and trade pattern as well as the socio-economic situation. the main purpose of this paper is to examine an impact of globalization on gender wage inequality. specifically, the hypothesis is that globalization reduces gender wage gap. for this, we have employed a panel technique for 21 selected develo...

Globalization may have different impacts on the gender wage gap depending on the specialization and trade pattern as well as the socio-economic situation. The main purpose of this paper is to examine an impact of globalization on gender wage inequality. Specifically, the hypothesis is that globalization reduces gender wage gap. For this, we have employed a panel technique for 21 selected develo...

ABSTRACT This article investigates the potential of global value chain (GVC)-orientated sustainability provisions in regional and bilateral trade agreements (FTAs). Such impose social environmental obligations directly onto GVCs, as opposed to creating for governments. The theoretical GVC is examined, concepts effectiveness legitimacy are introduced values by which assess them. Four recent sets...

2022 saw a slight increase in the willingness of unions to use or prepare industrial action as part collective bargaining. However, pay rises for employees covered by enterprise agreements generally lagged those received broader workforce. Employees on average significant cut their real wages. Towards end 2022, recently elected Albanese government made several changes bargaining provisions cont...

Since the early 1990s, some developing countries have experienced a coincidence of rising exports – especially those related to global value chains and improved labor market outcomes. During 2000–10, trade was associated with falling poverty inequality in many countries. However, Arab Republic Egypt not one these countries, although it signed several agreements. The lack trade-related improveme...

What affects native support for immigration? At a time of rising anti-immigration sentiments, this is question raised by both academics and policy makers. We study the role labor protection in shaping preferences over migration policies. look at Swiss national votes which took place from 2000 to 2014. Our results show that higher immigrant exposure reduces pro-immigration vote shares municipali...

Does increasing incomes improve health? In 1999, the UK government implemented minimum wage legislation, increasing hourly wages to at least £3.60. This policy experiment created intervention and control groups that can be used to assess the effects of increasing wages on health. Longitudinal data were taken from the British Household Panel Survey. We compared the health effects of higher wages...