Introduction The Department of Public Health and Planning in the Midland Health Board (MHB) was notified of nine confirmed and two suspected cases of cryptosporidiosis on the 3 June 2004. All of the cases were on the same water supply that services approximately 25,000 people. This supply had been the source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in April/May 2002. As a result of the 2002 outbreak...

A study was conducted to compare the technical potential and effectiveness of different water supply options for securing water availability in a large-scale, interconnected water supply system under historical and climate-change augmented inflow and demand conditions. Part 2 of the study focused on determining the greenhouse gas and renewable energy utilization impacts of different pathways to...

over a period of three months (summer), 108 samples of water collected from four hospitals in te-hran. they were taken from numerous potable and non-potable water, including main supply cis-terns, calorifiers, hot and cold tap water, shower, cooling tower and drain of air condition system. culturing of concentrated and non-concentrated water samples on buffered charcoal yeast extract (bcye) aga...

Seeking cost reduction and energy savings in water supply by improving the operation of pumps is both an obvious as well as a very efficient possibility to consider. Without making changes to the basic elements of a water supply system, remarkable reductions in operation costs can be achieved by optimising the pump scheduling (PS) problem. The UK Water Research Centre (WRC) [1985] estimates the...

As urban populations around the world continue to grow, achieving sustainable urban water supply is becoming crucial in order to meet increasing demand. Cyclical drought and climate change have placed further strain on water supplies and it is therefore necessary to plan to ensure the sustainability of water supply systems at a regional scale. Water supply sustainability planning (WSSP) necessi...

Assessment of long-term impacts of projected changes in climate, population, and land use and land cover on regional water resource is critical to the sustainable development of the southeastern United States. The objective of this study was to fully budget annual water availability for water supply (precipitation ) evapotranspiration + groundwater supply + return flow) and demand from commerci...

Climate change can result in significant impacts on regional and global surface water and groundwater resources. Using groundwater as a complimentary source of water has provided an effective means to satisfy the ever-increasing water demands and deal with surface water shortages problems due to robust capability of groundwater in responding to climate change. Conjunctive use of surface water a...