In Canada, two interesting demographic trends have been underway: an aging population and a growth based upon immigration. These patterns combine to form a new group that seems to have evaded notice. According to the 2001 Census of Canada, immigrants are older than the national average and almost 31% of the immigrants from Europe are over 65 years of age. Of the total senior population, 28.4% a...

according to the third-development program in 1379, government was obliged to design a suitable social security polity and submit it to the parliament for final approval. during recent weeks and after nearly a two-year delay, a bill was edited by government and sent to the islamic parliament. this long - term delay indicates the serious differences in the field of law - making and necessary fra...

This paper answers the question posed in the title within a model where agents receive idiosyncratic, wage-rate shocks that are privately observed. When the model social insurance system is comprised by the US social security and income tax system, then the maximum ex-ante welfare gain to improved insurance is equivalent to a 12.3 percent increase in consumption. We determine the reasons behind...

This paper shows that the design of education policy involves a potential conflict between welfare and social mobility. We consider a setting in which social mobility is maximized under the least elitist public education system, whereas welfare maximization calls for the most elitist system. We show that when private education is available, the degree of elitism that maximizes social mobility i...

background: divorce, especially in women, could be assessed from socio-cultural perspective as well as psychological viewpoint. this assessment requires cultural adopted as well as valid and reliable questionnaire. this study aimed to develop and assess the psychometric properties of a questionnaire in order to address social consequences in iranian divorced women. methods: this was an explorat...