Causality and its aspects is one of the fundamental issues in Islamic and western philosophy. In the modern west, some empirical philosophers like, Locke, Berkeley and Hume by empirical attitude challenged causality, that this subject is related to their epistemological principles in approach to objective and subjective facts, means empirical base of knowledge. Hence these philosophers denie...

Buyid dynasty used Deylam political and social conditions and Tabaristan inhabitants’ intellectual background to establish a new kingdom based on the spirit of warfare and anti-alien. Tabaristan historical geography has influenced the way Buyid dynasty used the idea of "Iranshahri" and "Farah izadi". The main question of the article is what effect did Tabaristan geography have on continuing Ira...

this thesis attempts to measure learning styles, self efficacy and intrinsic motivation as predictors of iranian ielts reading comprehension. in order to address this issue, a quantitative study was conducted on some randomly selected intact students at ferdowsi university. these two groups were assigned as they were undergraduate (ba=91) and graduate (ma =74) students; they were all aged betwe...

the present study was an attempt to determine the types of motivation and levels of foreign language learning anxiety among efl students studying at azad and state universities in kermanshah and to determine the relationship between these two factors and language proficiency and gender. to this end, the foreign language learning motivation scale, by deci and ryan )1985(, were administered to 12...