Underground vehicular ad-hoc networks are indorsing wireless networks because they can realize many goals such as improving the driving safety and monitoring the emergency alerts in underground environments (i.e., road tunnels). It is necessary for vehicular nodes to recognize their positions to achieve these goals. However, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices cannot operate in underground ...

Since the 1980s, China has experienced an unprecedentedly rapid urbanization process, during which historical environment of many cities been damaged to some extent. Accordingly, fragmented poses great challenges protection city’s overall form and inheritance cultural context. The interactive relationship between man nature formed in process urban evolution life supported by it constitute impli...

The seismic behaviour of underground structures is generally satisfactory compared to the above-ground ones. However, despite of the buried structure confinement, in recent strong seismic events some underground structure as tunnels, pipelines and tanks suffered high damage; for this reason, a strong effort is focused to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of these structure and to give codes in...

A review of literature related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems, e.g., tunnels and subway stations, was carried out with the objectives (1) to identify a theoretical framework that can help understand of human behaviour in the event of a fire in underground transportation systems, (2) to use the theoretical framework to analyse and to identify problems related to fire ev...

SUMMARY Castleman's disease is a rare condition. In its classic form Castlema's is a solitary lesion, two third of patients have tumour like mass in the mediastinum. Extrathoracic sites also could be affected including those where lymph nodes normaly occur ancl rarely tissues where lymph nodes are not found. More recently there have been several reports of patients with multi centeric involvem...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: GPR GPS GIS 3D underground utility mapping Uncertainty modeling Uncertainty-aware visualization Accuracy assessment Underground utility lines being struck is a long-standing problem worldwide, causing public service disruptions, project delays, cost overruns, property damage, injuries, and fatalities that cost billions of dollars each year. Utility strikes are at...