Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) to solve complicated decisions often includes uncertainty, which could be tackled by utilizing the fuzzy sets theory. Type-2 fuzzy sets consider more uncertainty than type-1 fuzzy sets. These fuzzy sets provide more degrees of freedom to illustrate the uncertainty and fuzziness in real-world production projects. In this paper, a new multi-criteria ana...

Leukocytes roll along the endothelium of postcapillary venules in response to inflammatory signals. Rolling under the hydrodynamic drag forces of blood flow is mediated by the interaction between selectins and their ligands across the leukocyte and endothelial cell surfaces. Here we present force-spectroscopy experiments on single complexes of P-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 by ...

The etiology of degenerative disease of the TMJ may involve fatigue produced by surface tractional forces and compressive stresses. This study tested the time-dependent effects of compressive loading and stress-field translation on TMJ disc-surface tractional forces and stresses. In laboratory experiments with 50 porcine discs, an acrylic indenter imposed 10 N static loads for 10 and 60 sec, fo...

Accurate measurement of ground reaction forces under discrete areas of the foot is important in the development of more advanced foot models, which can improve our understanding of foot and ankle function. To overcome current equipment limitations, a few investigators have proposed combining a pressure mat with a single force platform and using a proportionality assumption to estimate subarea s...

The joints between segmental rings can withstand a certain amount of bending moment as well as axial and shear forces. Generally, in the structural analysis of tunnel segmental lining, the joints can be modeled as elastic hinges or rotational springs, and their rigidity should be demonstrated in terms of the rigidity of the joints or their rotational stiffness. Therefore, the bending moment act...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the initial stability as insertion and removal torque and the clinical applicability of novel orthodontic zirconia micro-implants made using a powder injection molding (PIM) technique with those parameters in conventional titanium micro-implants. METHODS Sixty zirconia and 60 titanium micro-implants of similar design (diameter, 1.6 mm; length, 8....

This paper deals with mechanical systems subjected to a general class of non-ideal equality constraints. It provides the explicit equations of motion for such systems when subjected to such nonideal, holonomic and/or nonholonomic, constraints. It bases Lagrangian dynamics on a new and more general principle, of which D’Alembert’s principle then becomes a special case applicable only when the co...

background: h pylori is a human gastric pathogen. chemotaxis is an essential factor in colonization of h pylori , but very little is known about its chemotactic responses at different ph conditions, especially in acidic environment of stomach as its natural habitant.   methods: we first determined survival of h pylori under various ph conditions in the presence and absence of urea.  chemotaxis ...