Since the Civil War, False Claims Act has served as a tool to combat fraud perpetrated against government. Early by government contractors during War was quaint: selling same horse twice or filling Union Army contract for sugar with sand. Today, recovers billions of dollars annually through actions under FCA. Essential FCA’s functioning are “relators,” private citizens who serve whistleblowers ...

This article analyses how transparency became a buzzword in the European Union (EU) and its predecessors. In order to do so, it examines Parliament (EP), Commission, Court of Justice, earlier institutions responded whistleblowing, between 1957 2002. 2019, EP agreed encourage protect whistleblowers. However, whistleblowing is far from recent phenomenon. Historical examples include Louis Worms (1...

In the context of development modern society, on one hand, issues national security have acquired a considerable scale acuteness in their development, and other they become an impetus for rethinking complex approaches, initiation various processes, caused creation institutions, particular, system anti-corruption bodies, well-thought out effective mechanisms functioning. The article raises actua...

In a recent article, Mannion and Davies argue that there are a multitude of ways in which organizations (such as the National Health Service [NHS]) can deal with wrongdoing or ethical problems, including the formation of policies that encourage and protect would-be whistleblowers. However, it is important to distinguish internal reporting about wrongdoing from whistleblowing proper, because the...

Whistleblowing is defined by the retaliation that those who speak out receive. Why some organizations find it almost impossible not to retaliate depends more on the properties of the organization than the act of the individual whistleblower. These properties are, to greater or lesser degree, present in all organizations. Not all organizations retaliate against whistleblowers, but the whistleblo...