Withdrawal from an acute bolus injection of ethanol produces affective or emotional signs that include anxiogenic-like behavior and conditioned place aversion. This study assessed whether brain reward deficits that accompany withdrawal from chronic ethanol dependence are also observed upon withdrawal from acute intoxication. Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes aimed at the medial fo...

Bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation and mechanical hyperalgesia are sympathetic-dependent components of inflammation. Noxious stimulation has been found to inhibit bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation by activating the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. The sensitivity of this nociceptive-neuroendocrine feedback control of inflammation is modulated by activity in subdiaphragmatic vagal ...

BACKGROUND Bone cancer pain has a disruptive effect on the cancer patient's quality of life. Although ginsenosides have been used as traditional medicine in Eastern Medicine, the effect on bone cancer pain has not been thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to determine whether ginsenosides may alter the bone cancer pain at the spinal level. METHODS NCTC 2472 tumor cells (2.5 × 10(5)) ...

BACKGROUND Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is a major dose limiting side effect and thus effective therapeutic strategy is required. In this study, we investigated the antinociceptive effect of memantine and morphine on a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-240 g were used in all experiments. Rats subsequently receiv...

AIM Our aim was to study the development of the cutaneous flexion withdrawal reflex among premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Children's Hospital, University of Cologne, in 2013. METHODOLOGY This longitudinal cohort study explored the development of spinal cord excitability of 19 premature infants born at 22-26 weeks of gestation. We performed five investigat...

BACKGROUND Pain is elicited by cold, and a major feature of many neuropathic pain states is that normally innocuous cool stimuli begin to produce pain (cold allodynia). To expand our understanding of cold induced pain states we have studied cold pain behaviors over a range of temperatures in several animal models of chronic pain. RESULTS We demonstrate that a Peltier-cooled cold plate with +/...

This study was performed to investigate whether an intra-articular injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX) would alleviate behavioral signs of arthritic pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). We also sought to determine the effect of RTX treatment on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord. Knee join...