Two different approaches to the compositional semantics of indexicals are compared. The outsidein approach uses λ-abstraction and is heavily lexicalised. The inside-out approach treats indexicals by presupposition resolution. The former is relatively simple to implement and deals in a natural way with multiple occurences of indexicals. The latter is more complex, but has potential to deal with ...

Defining space by dividing it to inside and outside is one of human’s ways to recognize his positionin environment. Architecture is created to response to this need for inside/outside spaces. Design of inside and outsideSpaces and relation between them always has been one of necessities for definition and limitation of human livingspaces, but little attention to relation of this two spatial rea...

according to the resource based attitude, the capabilities of information systems improve firms’ performance and competitive advantages through three ways: 1) inside-outside capabilities, 2) outside-inside capabilities and 3) spanning capabilities. because of the importance of systematic study on the relationship between these capabilities and firms’ performance this paper was aimed at investig...

This paper analyzes dividend remittances by a large panel of foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational firms. The dividend policies of foreign affiliates, which convey no signals to public capital markets, nevertheless resemble those used by publicly held companies in paying dividends to diffuse common shareholders. Robustness checks verify that dividend policies of foreign affiliates are little...

This paper proposes an implicit control mechanism of managers inside the firm. We argue that the need to motivate workers may make it beneficial for a self-interested, short-sighted manager to pursue long-run viability of the firm. When the firm is in a stable environment, this implicit control mechanism may not contradict shareholder value maximization. However, when the firm needs restructuri...

While research has commonly assumed that business-owning families are concerned about the preservation of control, increasingly seeking cooperation with external investors to accomplish firm- or family-level goals. In this paper, we provide a conceptual configuration different governance scenarios may arise when family owners attract outside capital. Combining two important objectives—(a) liqui...