detoxification of children who are born from substance dependent mothers or those who are substance dependent themselves as a result of being abused by their families is a major concern. this report describes withdrawal symptoms and the way of abstinence in a 2.5 year-old girl who was dependent to opium. âfter that she was given opium for nearly two years suppress withdrawal symptoms, methadone...

ôbjective: to investigate the pharmacokinetics (pk) and pk- pharmacodynamic (pd) relationship of methadone in a cohort of outpatients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (mmt). methods: sixty male patients undergoing mmt with a mean ±sd methadone daily dosage of 58 ± 34 mg were enrolled in this study. â 5-ml blood sample was collected before the daily intake of methadone. âs a pd measure...

ôbjective: the purpose of the present preliminary study was to explore the prevalence of nonmedical abuse of benzodiazepines in a group of opiate-dependent patients who were on methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) program in outpatient clinics in the south-west of tehran, ïran. methods: 114 male and female opiate-dependent clients who met dsm.ïv-tr criteria for opiate dependence with mean age ...

objective and aims intrauterine devices (iuds) are placed in the uterine cavity with the objective of providing long-term contraception, mainly by preventing fertilization. in this research has been tried to show that method of iud insertion is effective to decrease complications’ incidence . rotating withdrawal technique is presenting, has been using for this purpose. design and setting this h...

background thymus species are well known medicinal plants which the previous studies suggested the involvement of the opioid system in them. objectives this study aimed to investigate the effects of methanolic extract and essential oil of aerial parts of thymus daenensis (td), an endemic aromatic medicinal plant of iran, on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. materials and methods experiments...

Acute morphine withdrawal is considered to be the physical manifestation of dependence, emerging when morphine administration is stopped or after the administration of an opiate antagonist, such as naloxone. Gabapentin, which is an antiepileptic, agent, enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in healthy volunteers, but its effect on morphine dependence and withdrawal signs has not determined ...

mice were rendered tolerant and dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. the effects of acute and chronic administration of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine on the development of tolerance and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. a single injection of nifedipine proved to be effective in inhibiting so...

there is growing evidence indicating that neuronal calcium channels play an important role in the mechanism of morphine dependence. in this study, the effects of acute and chronic administration of nitrendipine on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal signs were investigated. mice were rendered dependent to morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. in chronic s...