d12 d13 d10 d11 d11 d13 d11 d10 d9 d8 d4 d3 d1 d12 c13 c11 c10 c9 c6 c5 c4 c12 c8 b13 b9 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 b8 a13 a11 a10 a9 a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 HoxA HoxB HoxC d13 d11 d10 d9 d8 d4 d3 d1 d12

با رشد سریع فناوری اطلاعات، تولیدکنندگان که در گذشته فقط به‌صورت سنتی و از طریق خرده‌فروشان محصولات خود را عرضه می‌کردند، می‌توانند مستقیم آنلاین نیز کنند. این پژوهش، یک زنجیره تأمین دو­کاناله شامل تولیدکننده خرده‌فروش نظر گرفته است آن می‌تواند دو کانال به فروش برساند. فرض می‌­شود محصول روش حمل درنتیجه زمان تحویل متفاوت ‌می‌کند قاعدتاً روی تقاضای یکدیگر تأثیر می‌گذارد. موردنظر ابتدا حالت غیرمتمر...

We use a money pump argument to measure deviations from the revealed preference axioms. Using a panel data set of food expenditures, we find a large number of violations of the weak axiom of revealed preference. The money pump costs are small, which indicate that the violations of revealed preference are not severe. While most households’ behavior deviates from rationality, by our measure they ...

IgG anti-hapten antibodies were purified from the sera of rabbits homozygous for allotypic determinants d11 and d12 in the constant region of the heavy chain. Correlative with this determinant is the absence (d11) or presence (d12) of an oligosaccharide chain just below the hinge region of the IgG molecule. Both d11 and d12 molecules contain a complex heterosaccharide chain located near the car...

In this paper the failure of Hardy’s nonlocality proof for the class of maximally entangled states is considered. A detailed analysis shows that the incompatibility of the Hardy equations for this class of states physically originates from the fact that the existence of quantum perfect correlations for the three pairs of two-valued observables (D11,D21), (D11,D22), and (D12,D21) [in the sense o...

The share of household resources devoted to children is hard to identify, because consumption is measured at the household level, and goods can be shared. Using semiparametric restrictions on individual preferences within a collective model, we identify how total household resources are divided up among household members, by observing how each family member's expenditures on a single private go...

If preferences or budgets are heterogeneous across people (as they clearly are), then individual costof-living indices are also heterogeneous. Thus, any social cost-of-living index faces an aggregation problem. In this paper, we provide a solution to this problem which we call a ’common-scaling’social cost-of-living index (CS-SCOLI). In addition, we describe nonparametric methods for estimating...