Background Nurse-led monitoring of patients for signs and symptoms associated with documented ‘undesirable effects’ medicines has potential to prevent avoidable harm, optimise prescribing. Intervention The Adverse Drug Reaction Profile polypharmacy (ADRe-p) identifies documents putative adverse effects commonly prescribed in primary care. Nurses address some problems, before passing ADRe-p phar...

The method of tyramine amplification is based on the ability of HRP to catalyze the deposition of large amounts of biotinylated tyramine in the vicinity of the antigen-antibody reaction (i.e. the cellular site which contains the peroxidase detection complex). The method is based on earlier biochemical observations on the action of peroxidase upon tyramine and other related compounds (GROSS AJ a...

Aerosols impact clear-sky surface irradiance () through the effects of scattering and absorption. Linear or nonlinear relationships between aerosol optical depth (τa) and have been established to describe the aerosol direct radiative effect on (ADRE). However, considerable uncertainties remain associated with ADRE due to the incorrect estimation of (τa in the absence of aerosols). Based on data...

In this study we investigated the impact of water uptake by aerosol particles in ambient atmosphere on their optical properties and their direct radiative effect (ADRE, W m−2) in the Arctic at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, during 2008. To achieve this, we combined three models, a hygroscopic growth model, a Mie model and a radiative transfer model, with an extensive set of observational data. We found ...

A new method for determining clear-sky shortwave aerosol direct radiative effects (ADRE) from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System is used to examine changes in ADRE since 2002 alongside optical depth (AOD) Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer. At global scales, neither nor AOD show a significant trend. Over northern hemisphere (NH), increases by 0.18 ± 0.17 Wm?2 per decade (less refle...

We present a pore scale model capable of simulating fluid/fluid reactive transport on images of porous media from first principles. We use a streamline-based particle tracking method for simulating flow and transport, while for reaction to occur, both reactants must be within a diffusive distance of each other during a time-step. We assign a probability of reaction (Pr), as a function of the re...