purpose: to determine the anatomical location of the inferior oblique (io) muscle and any possible correlation between io overaction and io muscle mass. methods: in this interventional case series, eyes undergoing primary surgery for io overaction underwent measurement of the distance between io muscle borders from the limbus as well as muscle belly circumference, intraoperatively. results: ove...

Introduction: IIron oxide nanoparticles (IO NP) have an increasing number of biomedical applications. To date, the potential cytotoxicity of these particles remains an issue of debate. Little is known about the cellular interaction or toxic effects of IO NP on differentiation of stem cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible toxic role of different doses of IO NP in di...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

conclusions io-pth levels should become normal or to drop by at least 80% during successful parathyroidectomy. persistent elevations of io-pth after resection of an abnormal gland dictate the need for bilateral exploration. background we hypothesized that io-pth levels would decline to normal or near normal after successful parathyroidectomy. objectives evaluate efficacy and predictive factor o...

In critically ill infants and children, intravascular (IV) access is sometimes very difficult. In such cases intraosseous (IO) infusion should be used as the method of choice. However, in practice, different problems are experienced with this procedure. To overcome the practical problems and to confirm the efficacy of IO infusion in reversing hypovolemic shock, an animal model was used by ...