This paper proposes a new approach, i.e., virtual pooling, for optimising returnable transport item (RTI) flows in two-level closed-loop supply chain. The chain comprises set of suppliers delivering their products loaded on RTIs to customers. are various types. objective is model deterministic, multi-supplier, multi-customer inventory routing problem with pickup and delivery multi-RTI. includes...

This paper presents the economic production quantity (EPQ) models for the imperfect quality items produced with/without the presence of shortage condition. The models are presented in a two-level supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and a single buyer to investigate the performance of vendormanaged inventory (VMI) policy. The total costs are minimized to obtain the optimal production ...

This document describes the Network Time Protocol (NTP), specifies its formal structure and summarizes information useful for its implementation. NTP provides the mechanisms to synchronize time and coordinate time distribution in a large, diverse internet operating at rates from mundane to lightwave. It uses a returnable-time design in which a distributed subnet of time servers operating in a s...

BACKGROUND The emergency department (ED) is increasingly used by patients with life-limiting illness. These patients are frequently admitted to the hospital, where they suffer from poorly controlled symptoms and are often subjected to marginally effective therapies. Palliative care (PC) has emerged as the specialty that cares for patients with advanced illness. PC has been shown to reduce sympt...

Abstract: This paper presents a new multiple objectives model for the optimal production for an inventory control system. The stocked items may be deteriorates and the systems costs will be change over the time. In the real situation, some but not all customers will wait for backlogged items during a shortage period and therefore, the model incorporates partial backlogging. The demand rate can ...

Inventory allocation decisions in a distribution system concern issues such as how much and where stock should be assigned to orders in a supply chain. When the inventory level of an inventory point is lower than the total number of items ordered by lower echelons in the chain, the decision of how many items to allocate to each “competing” order must take into consideration the trade-off betwee...