background: the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is increasing worldwide. cytotoxic t-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (ctla-4) may play a role in the intensity of the disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic variants of the ctla-4 and hcv infection. methods: restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (rflp-pcr) was per...

Identification of Polymorphism Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene and its Association with Egg Production Traits in Turkey

The growth hormone gene could be an attractive candidate gene for milk production in goats. Single-strand conformation polymorphism was used to identify polymorphism at the goat growth hormone (gGH) gene. For this purpose, genotyping of 90 Talli goat breeds was performed. Nine conformational patterns were observed in exon 4 of the gGH gene, with frequencies of 27.7% for the homozygous pattern (...

Background & Aims: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Polymorphisms of the genes coding Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may influence the innate and adaptive immune responses and affect the susceptibility to H. pylori or the disease outcomes. But the details and association to different polymorphis...

the growth hormone gene could be an attractive candidate gene for milk production in goats. single-strand conformation polymorphism was used to identify polymorphism at the goat growth hormone (ggh) gene. for this purpose, genotyping of 90 talli goat breeds was performed. nine conformational patterns were observed in exon 4 of the ggh gene, with frequencies of 27.7% for the homozygous pattern (...

objective: cyp2d6, an enzyme, metabolizes a large number of commonly prescribed drugs. variations in cyp2d6 gene encoding this enzyme have been associated with individual differences in drug metabolism rates. the purpose of our study was to identify some allelic variants of cyp2d6 gene and to detect defective cyp2d6 alleles, as part of a pharmacogenetic screening program. materials and methods:...

multiple sclerosis (ms), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is believed to have a t cell-mediated autoimmune etiology. the cytotoxic t lymphocyte antigen 4 (ctla-4) gene is a strong candidate for the involvement in autoimmune diseases. to examine the genetic association of the ctla-4 gene locus with ms, in a case-control design, we analyzed (-318 c/t) sin...

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system is believed to have a T cell-mediated autoimmune etiology. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene is a strong candidate for the involvement in autoimmune diseases. To examine the genetic association of the CTLA-4 gene locus with MS, in a case-control design, we analyzed (-318 C/T) sin...

introduction : cytotoxic t-cell lymphocyte antigen 4 (ctla-4) is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulins that are mainly expressed by activated t cells. it is established that blockade of ctla-4 receptors leads to the enhancement of an immune response. different polymorphisms of the ctla-4 gene have been described which cause increased susceptibility to various malignancies such as lymph...