two vessels from different sites of the iranian plateau, dating to the late 4th or early 3rd millennium bce are presented aspalaeotechnological case studies. in the fractures of the vessels’ walls, interfaces left by added clay parts (enhanced inthe two illustrations) are quite recognizable. it is proposed that in both cases potters, in order to construct the bases, usedto make bowls comparable...

Two vessels from different sites of the Iranian Plateau, dating to the late 4th or early 3rd millennium BCE are presented aspalaeotechnological case studies. In the fractures of the vessels’ walls, interfaces left by added clay parts (enhanced inthe two illustrations) are quite recognizable. It is proposed that in both cases potters, in order to construct the bases, usedto make bowls comparable...

writing was invented in late 4th millennium bc in southern mesopotamia and consequently written documents were produced. legal documents are among the most important documents left to us from ancient mesopotamia. sumerian legal documents allow us to study the formation of law in the earliest urban societies. in this paper we study the edicts of uru-ka-gina (also read iri-ka-gina). old and new i...

The Uruk Expansion, which took place during various phases throughout the 4th millennium BC, also developed in Northern Mesopotamia. In area of Birecik, eastern Turkey, on edge Euphrates, archaeological sites have been discovered, showing different expansion culture. We focus this study Surtepe site, a 8 ha settlement, where we distinguished possible Late Calcolithic 5 ritual building, phase th...

a survey and analysis of the ancient iranian religion calls for a profound familiarity with the elamite religion and its gods. elamite beliefs played an important role in forming the iranian religion between the 4th millennium bc and the advent of the indo-iranians on the iranian plateau. in this paper, we examine the elamite religious background and the major gods and goddesses that were worsh...

Ancient DNA studies have identified western Scotland as the only known region in Britain where inter-breeding occurred between early 4th millennium bc Neolithic migrants and indigenous Mesolithic population. By drawing on excavations at sites Isle of Islay, I identify a period population overlap suggest three scenarios for Mesolithic–Neolithic interaction: swift succession, dual population, bio...

In 2008, a well preserved and complete shoe was recovered at the base of a Chalcolithic pit in the cave of Areni-1, Armenia. Here, we discuss the chronology of this find, its archaeological context and its relevance to the study of the evolution of footwear. Two leather samples and one grass sample from the shoe were dated at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU). A third leather sampl...

The molecular and isotopic chemistry of organic residues from archaeological potsherds was used to obtain further insight into the dietary trends and economies at the Constance lake-shore Neolithic settlements. The archaeological organic residues from the Early Late Neolithic (3922-3902 BC) site Hornstaad-Hornle IA/Germany are, at present, the oldest archaeological samples analysed at the Insti...