We study spatial and temporal solitons in the PT symmetric coupler with gain in one waveguide and loss in the other. Stability properties of the highand low-frequency solitons are found to be completely determined by a single combination of the soliton’s amplitude and the gain-loss coefficient of the waveguides. The unstable perturbations of the high-frequency soliton break the symmetry between...

Nonsmoothness pervades optimization, but the way it typically arises is highly structured. Nonsmooth behavior of an objective function is usually associated, locally, with an active manifold: on this manifold the function is smooth, whereas in normal directions it is “veeshaped.” Active set ideas in optimization depend heavily on this structure. Important examples of such functions include the ...

In this paper, the Static Var Compensator (SVC) has been used to improve dynamic behaviour of power system. To do this, a new objective function is formulated considering power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and loadability margin decrease. Other contribution of this research is proposing a novel structure for Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm through modifying the initia...