the neighborhood has had a long history in iranian urbanization. since urban plans wereintroduced by the authorities to shape urban development in iran half a century ago, the concept of iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. the concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. one of the main reasons is that academics, profe...

The neighborhood has had a long history in Iranian urbanization. Since urban plans wereintroduced by the authorities to shape urban development in Iran half a century ago, the concept of Iranian traditional neighborhood has been neglected gradually. The concept of neighborhood has not found the appropriate status in urban design and planning yet. One of the main reasons is that academics, profe...

BACKGROUND Several studies have highlighted the importance of collective social factors for population health. One of the major challenges is an adequate definition of the spatial units of analysis which present properties potentially related to the target outcomes. Political and administrative divisions of urban areas are the most commonly used definition, although they suffer limitations in t...

Neighborhood context is recognized as an important predictor of individual-level behaviors and health outcomes (Pickett and Pearl 2001; Lee and Cubbin 2002; Sampson 2003). Neighborhoods, however, are difficult to define both in theory and in practice, and are often drawn to follow existing administrative boundaries or sampling schemes, or must be set arbitrarily due to a lack of sufficient data...

BACKGROUND Numerous definitions of neighborhood exist, yet few studies have considered youth's perceptions of neighborhood boundaries. This study compared youth-identified neighborhood (YIN) boundaries to census-defined neighborhood (CDN) boundaries, and determined how the amount of time spent and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels compared within both boundary types. METHOD...

Cook County has one of the highest rates of property tax appeals in the country. Do appeals make property taxes more fair and accurate? Using administrative property tax data from for 2003-2015, I quantify the level of regressiveness in property taxes. I find property taxes to be highly regressive. I then investigate whether the appeals process mitigates or exacerbates regressiveness. I find th...

All cities known to social scientists and historians have neighborhoods. People living in urban settings universally organize important aspects of their lives on a spatial scale that is intermediate between the household and the city. Urban authorities also tend to organize administrative ac­ tivities such as tax collection and record keeping on a similar scale. The spatial relationship between...

This manuscript proposes a new spatial cluster detection method for longitudinal outcomes that detects neighborhoods and regions with elevated rates of disease while controlling for individual level confounders. The proposed method, CumResPerm, utilizes cumulative geographic residuals through a permutation test to detect potential clusters which are are defined as sets of administrative regions...

The spatial division of cities into residential zones is a universal feature of urban life from the earliest cities to the present. I propose a two-level classification of such zones that archaeologists can use to analyze preindustrial cities. Neighborhoods are small areas of intensive face-to-face social interaction, whereas districts are larger areas that serve as administrative units within ...