Pistachio is one of the most important agricultural crops of Iran. It is a nut from Anacardiacea family and its domesticated species is called Pistacia vera L. Regarding to pistachio importance and usage and by the expanding of pistachio cultivate, it is necessary to improve agricultural situation and by establishing well equipped processing and packaging units near the farms, it is possible to...

Pistachio is one of the most important horticultural products of Iran with special economic importance. In average 70% of Iran pistachio are exported. Aflatoxin is secondary metabolites of fungus such as Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. If favorite condition is prepared for stabilization of fungi spores producing Aflatoxin, the first pistachio contamination to Aflatoxin occurs in orchard....

In pistachio nuts, aflatoxin is mainly concentrated in the green hull-cracked nuts in the orchard even prior to harvest. However, during the hull-removal process, the hulls of all nuts including the cracked, identifiable nuts are removed causing an important characterization criterion of the contaminated nuts, to be lost. This, in turn, makes it harder to detect the contaminated nuts. However, ...

In the current study with using of 553 questionnaires, knowledge of Kerman small pistachio growers regarding hygienic pistachio production especially aflatoxin was investigated. The results showed that factors such as high density of pistachio trees in the orchards and limited water resources are the main factors of creating potential of aflatoxin contamination in pistachio. These factors are n...

Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein level, fat content, gossypol, and the potential for aflatoxin. Cottonseed and mixtures of cottonseed and cotton gin by-products (CGBP) were extruded at relatively high temperatures to determine if the process would reduce the free-gossypol and aflat...

dehulling is an important step in walnut processing that has considerable effect on the quality, chemical and microbial properties of walnuts. improving dehulling can increase the quality of the final product. this research studied the effect of genotype and hulling method on walnut properties. one experiment was performed as a factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicat...

Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein level, fat content, gossypol, and the potential for aflatoxin contamination. There are numerous studies in the literature discussing gossypol and aflatoxin toxicities in livestock and processing methods for reducing gossypol levels in cottonseed. Ho...

In order to evaluate pistachio contamination to Aspergillus flavus in Semnan province; samples of pistachio kernels were collected from the last processing pistachio stage in traditional and semi-mechanized processing plants in 2010. They were examined for the presence A. flavus fungi. The samples were cultured on AFPA media. All plate were incubated for 3 to 7 days. At the end of incubation pe...

2-Mercaptoethanol inhibits growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240 and aflatoxin formation by the fungus. When added to the resuspended medium, 2-mercaptoethanol inhibited [1-14C]acetate incorporation into both aflatoxins and neutral lipids, thereby showing that it acts at an early stage of aflatoxin biosynthesis. The inhibition is probably due to its chelating action on zinc, which is esse...