abstract to study the effects of four types of mulches including wood chips, municipal compost, sawdust and gravel in three different thicknesses on growth of platanus orientalis during two years, an experiment was conducted in mashhad area with semi-arid climate. the research was conducted as split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. treatments included c...

this study focuses on the optimization of the plane structure. sequential quadratic programming (sqp) will be utilized, which is one of the most efficient methods for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. a new formulation for the second order sensitivity analysis of the two-dimensional finite element will be developed. all the second order required derivatives will be calculat...

We investigate the possibility of spin-preserving symmetries due to the interplay of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling in n-doped zinc-blende semiconductor quantum wells of general crystal orientation. It is shown that a conserved spin operator can be realized if and only if at least two growth direction Miller indices agree in modulus. The according spin-orbit field has in general bot...

In the title thio-urea derivative, C(10)H(17)N(3)O(2)S, the carboxyl group and the least-squares plane through the cyclo-hexyl ring are twisted out of the plane through the central CN(3)S residue; the respective dihedral angles are 7.18 (8) and 62.29 (4)°. The conformation about the azomethine bond [1.275 (2) Å] is E. The NH groups are anti, with one forming an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bo...

In the title compound, C15H23N3O3, the piperazine ring is in a slightly distorted chair conformation and is twisted from the mean plane of the benzene ring making a dihedral angle of 14.94 (6)°. The 4-meth-oxy substituent is almost co-planar with the benzene ring [C-C-O-C torsion angle = 5.4 (1)°], while the meth-oxy groups at positions 2 and 3 [C-C-O-C torsion angles of 122.6 (4) and -66.1 (4)...

cosmos caudatus is widely used as a traditional medicine in southeast asia. c. caudatus has been reported as a rich source of bioactive  compounds such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. studies have shown that c. caudatus exhibits high antioxidant capacity and various medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic activity, anti-hypertensive properties, anti-infl ammatory respon...

We demonstrate a quantum coherent electron spin filter by directly measuring the spin polarization of emitted current. The spin filter consists of an open quantum dot in an in-plane magnetic field; the in-plane field gives the two spin directions different Fermi wavelengths resulting in spin-dependent quantum interference of transport through the device. The gate voltage is used to select the p...

The cation of the title salt, C4H14N2 (2+)·2Cl(-), is located on a crystallographic inversion center and is bis-ected by a mirror plane, with one quarter of the C4H14N2 (2+)·2Cl(-) formula unit being crystallographically unique. he chloride ions also sit on a mirror plane. The conformation of the cation is a regular straight-chain conformation with all non-H atoms in anti positions. In the crys...

The title compound, C16H15NO3, consists of an oxabicycle fused to an N-phenyl-substituted pyrrolidine ring anti to the double bond, affording the exo isomer. In the oxabicycle system, the six-membered ring presents a boat conformation, while the heterocyclic rings show envelope conformations with the O atom projected out of the plane. In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are linked via weak C-H⋯...

The available fatigue theories have been examined using simple specimens subjected to bending or tension-compression loads. Therefore, the stress fields have been generally one or two dimensional. Anti-roll bar is a component belongs to the suspension system of the vehicles. In spite of having simple circular section, due to the having several curvatures, this component experiences a three-dime...