Food availability is expected to trigger hibernation and torpor (ie heterothermy) use. Yet, laboratory experiments under controlled conditions dominate, and this hypothesis remains largely untested under natural conditions. Further experimental manipulations of food availability must therefore be conducted in the wild, accounting for other covarying environmental stressors.

Shortage is common in many markets, such as those for human organs or blood, but the problem is often difficult to solve through price adjustment, given safety and ethical concerns. In this paper, we study two non-price methods that are often used to alleviate shortage for human blood. The first method is informing existing donors of a current shortage via a mobile message and encouraging them ...

because the blood is one of the most important requirements of each patient in different critical conditions, one of the concerns of the health centers is facing the blood shortage or blood corruption. therefore blood supply chain management tries to fill the gap between suppliers and consumers, which causes failing to counter the shortage and minimizing the blood product corruption and the cos...

Background and Objectives: A blood distribution network orchestrates distribution of safe blood products to hospitals. Blood shortage and blood wastage are two important factors which may affect efficiency of blood distribution network. Service delivery time is another factor that refers to the time interval between blood request by a hospital and transfusing it to the patient....

Increased blood demand and limited supply make shortages a significant problem in the chain, which may cause immeasurable losses. The objective of this paper is to develop scheduling scheme products during shortages, considering supply. For purpose, bi-objective mixed-integer programming model proposed, one minimises maximum shortage hospitals as well other latest arrival time. To solve model, ...

Blood transfusion safety in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is marred by the high prevalence of infectious agents, chronic blood shortage and lack of resources. However, considerable pressure is applied by richer countries and international transfusion bodies to establish voluntary, non-remunerated blood donors (VNRD) as the only source of blood, excluding the traditional family/replacement donors on ...