background: in this feasibility study, a mechanically loaded in-vitro tissue culture model of joint morphogenesis using the isolated lower extremity of the 8 day old chick embryo was developed to assess the effects of mechanical loading on joint morphogenesis. methods: the developed in-vitro system allows controlled flexion and extension of the chick embryonic knee with a range of motion of 20 ...

objective(s): this study aimed to find out whether the chick cardiomyocyte micromass (mm) system could be employed to predict the teratogenecity of common environmental factors. different multivitamins and over the counter drugs were used in this study.   materials and methods: white leghorn 5-day-old embryo hearts were dissected and trypsinized to produce a cardiomyocyte cell suspension in dul...

Abstract King penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ) are colonial seabirds presenting an extraordinary breeding cycle. Parents take over 14 months to raise a single chick independence, upon which fledglings depart at sea for more than year. Juveniles often return the colony within three austral summers following departure, and before age of first reproduction (around 5–6 years old), possibly acqu...

This study aimed to characterize production and reproduction performances in Rhode Island Red-White strain chicken developed and maintained at the Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar. Three hundred and forty six fertile eggs were set in automated electric incubation and 234 chicks were investigated in three hatches. The performance data was analyzed by least squares analysis of variance...

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three levels of fennel extract (FE) (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of added vitamin D3 (Vit D3) (0, 3500 and 4200 IU/kg of diet), was carried out to evaluate reproductive performanceand immune response of post molted broiler breeders(76-84 weeks).Broiler breeders were weighed at 10 week after molting (74 weeks) then randomly distributed into 36...

oxyntomodulin (oxm), a proglucagon-derived peptide, is a well known anorexigenic peptide found inthe gut and brain of mammals. the present study was carried out to investigate the central effect of oxm onfood intake in non-fasted and fasted ross broiler chicks. at four weeks of age, a guide cannula wasstereotaxically implanted into the right lateral ventricle of each bird. two experiments were ...

a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three levels of fennel extract (fe) (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of added vitamin d3 (vit d3) (0, 3500 and 4200 iu/kg of diet), was carried out to evaluate reproductive performanceand immune response of post molted broiler breeders(76-84 weeks).broiler breeders were weighed at 10 week after molting (74 weeks) then randomly distributed into 36...