A 3-D thick-shell contrast agent dynamics model was developed by coupling a finite volume Navier-Stokes solver and a potential boundary element method flow solver to simulate the dynamics of thick-shelled contrast agents subjected to pressure waves. The 3-D model was validated using a spherical thick-shell model validated by experimental observations. We then used this model to study shell brea...

in this paper, thermo-elastic analysis of a rotating thick truncated conical shell subjected to the temperature gradient, internal pressure and external pressure is presented. given the existence of shear stress in the conical shell due to thickness change along the axial direction, the governing equations are obtained based on first-order shear deformation theory (fsdt). these equations are so...

In this paper, thermo-elastic analysis of a rotating thick truncated conical shell subjected to the temperature gradient, internal pressure and external pressure is presented. Given the existence of shear stress in the conical shell due to thickness change along the axial direction, the governing equations are obtained based on first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). These equations are so...

Thick shells have attracted much attention in recent years as intelligent and functional graded materials because of their unique properties. In this review paper, some critical issues and problems in the development of thick shells made from Functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) are discussed. This review has been conducted on various types of methods which are available for thick ...

In this article, the vibrational behavior of a spinning cylindrical thick shell carrying spring- mass systems and conveying viscos fluid flow under various temperature distributions is investigated. This structure rotates about axial direction and the formulations include the coriolis and centrifugal effects. In addition, this system is conveying viscous fluid, and the related force is calculat...

A method for the removal of ionospheric effects from single-frequency non-GPS radio navigation data through the use of data collected from a single collocated dualfrequency GPS receiver is presented. The method uses a local ionosphere model to estimate the total electron content (TEC) along any line of sight that differs from the GPS satellite lines of sight. Two novel models are investigated, ...

We performed numerical simulations of impact crater formation on Europa to infer the thickness and structure of its ice shell. The simulations were performed using iSALE to test both the conductive ice shell over ocean and the conductive lid over warm convective ice scenarios for a variety of conditions. The modeled crater depth-diameter is strongly dependent on the thermal gradient and tempera...