Cyclic competition is a mechanism underlying biodiversity in nature and the competition between large numbers of interacting individuals under multifaceted environmental conditions. It is commonly modeled with the popular children's rock-paper-scissors game. Here we probe cyclic competition systematically in a community of three strains of bacteria Escherichia coli. Recent experiments and simul...

When four species compete stochastically in a cyclic way, the formation of two teams of mutually neutral partners is observed. In this paper we study through numerical simulations the extinction processes that can take place in this system both in the well mixed case as well as on different types of lattices. The different routes to extinction are revealed by the probability distribution of the...

The attenuation of cyclic AMP accumulation occurs by different mechanisms in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells and NG108-15 neuroblastoma X glioma cells. In 1321N1 cells, cholinergic agonists reduce cyclic AMP accumulation through a Ca2+-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase; in NG108-15 cells, muscarinic receptor-mediated effects on cyclic AMP metabolism occur through inhibition of adenylate cyclas...

Abstract: the competition between the precipitation of cobalt ions and evolution of hydrogen gas on the cathode surface duringthe reduction process in a sulfate bath, investigation on the mechanism of metal precipitation is of great importance.In the present work, study on the kinetics of cobalt electrowinning and the mechanism of the involved reactions havebeen carried out. The obtained result...

Enhancement of antibody formation in vitro and in vivo by poly(A.U), cyclic AMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or any one of these agents in combination with theophylline or caffeine, is usually limited to certain dose ranges. High doses of these nonspecific stimulators can produce less or no enhancement, or may actually inhibit antibody formation. Such dose-response relationships may be pertinent to a...