abstract: introduction & objective: the infertility treatment by using in vitro matured oocyte has many potential applications. it minimizes the risk of ovarian hyper stimulation and is an alternative treatment for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome who may have problems regarding stimulation for ivf. this method may prove important for subjects in need of fertility preservation and also pr...

Background: in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has increasing potential applications in assisted reproductive technology (ART), during which germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes cultured in vitro to produce mature (MII arrested) ones. Although functional, IVM oocytes have low developmental competence compared to in vivo matured oocytes; possibly because IVM comprises asynchrony between nuclear and c...

Objective: The role of growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor of activated omentum on mitosis is clearly known, though not on all the aspects of in vitro oocyte maturation. This study was designed to assess the effect of activated-omental extract (AOE) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of rat cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, th...

Background: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to influence fertility and endocrinology of reproduction and metabolic activity in many species. In dairy cows, we and others have shown changes in steroid and metabolic hormones and prostaglandins leading to alteration of ovarian activity and uterine function. These can influence fertility by changes in folliculogenesis cyclicity ...

Background: The pregnancy rates from oocytes matured in vitro are much lower than those of in vivo stimulation cycles, indicating that optimization of IVM remains a challenge. Reduced developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro indicates that current culture systems for oocytes maturation do not adequately support nuclear and/or cytoplasmic maturation. Therefore in this study, we evalu...

In order to achieve developmental competence, porcine oocytes must undergo both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. Nuclear maturation results from breakdown of the germinal vesicle (GV) and progression of meiosis to metaphase II (MII). Cytoplasmic maturation is the accumulation, within the oocyte’s cytoplasm, of products necessary for fertilization, cleavage and development, prior to activatio...

Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were recovered from ovaries of bitches during anoestrus. The ultrastructural organisation of COCs was determined before and after 72 h in vitro maturation (IVM) by transmission electron microscopy. The aim of the study was to determine the quality of oocytes used for IVM and to assess cytoplasmic maturation of IVM metaphase (M) II oocytes. In addition, we examine...

Background: Oocyte maturation is usually defined as the period of progression from the first to the second meiotic arrest and involves coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic modification. Ca2+ signals are known as important regulators of oocyte maturation. Extracellular Ca2+ is important for first polar body formation, normal meiosis kinetics, and for preserving the chromosome and spindle configur...

To evaluate the effect of follicular fluid on in vitro maturation, pig oocytes were cultured in the presence of hormones where 10% of fetal calf serum (FCS), 10% of follicular fluid from large follicles (l-pFF), 10% of follicular fluid from medium follicles (m-pFF) or no supplement were added. When oocytes where matured in medium containing the hormones the addition of different supplements did...