In this paper we continue development of formal theory of a special class offuzzy logics, called EQ-logics. Unlike fuzzy logics being extensions of theMTL-logic in which the basic connective is implication, the basic connective inEQ-logics is equivalence. Therefore, a new algebra of truth values calledEQ-algebra was developed. This is a lower semilattice with top element endowed with two binary...

in this paper we continue development of formal theory of a special class offuzzy logics, called eq-logics. unlike fuzzy logics being extensions of themtl-logic in which the basic connective is implication, the basic connective ineq-logics is equivalence. therefore, a new algebra of truth values calledeq-algebra was developed. this is a lower semilattice with top element endowed with two binary...

We introduce a new formal logic, called equality propositional logic. It has two basic connectives, $boldsymbol{wedge}$ (conjunction) and $equiv$ (equivalence). Moreover, the $Rightarrow$ (implication) connective can be derived as $ARightarrow B:=(Aboldsymbol{wedge}B)equiv A$. We formulate the equality propositional logic and demonstrate that the resulting logic has reasonable properties such a...

In this paper, extension of the EQ-logic by the ∆connective is introduced. The former is a new kind of many-valued logic which based on EQ-algebra of truth values, i.e. the algebra in which fuzzy equality is the fundamental operation and implication is derived from it. First, we extend the EQ-algebra by the ∆ operation and then introduce axioms and inference rules of EQ∆-logic. We also prove th...

This is an investigation of weakening-free fuzzy logics expanded by the delta connective D; which can be interpreted by Baaz’s projection and its generalizations. First, logical systems obtained from weakeningfree uninorm (based) logics by adding D to be interpreted by the Baaz projection are introduced. Next, expansions of the weakening-free uninorm logics with D to be interpreted by its gener...

Abstract We demonstrate a quasipolynomial-time deterministic approximation algorithm for the partition function of Gibbs point process interacting via stable potential. This result holds all activities $\lambda$ which satisfies zero-free assumption in neighbourhood interval $[0,\lambda ]$ . As corollary, finiterange potentials, we obtain $\lambda \lt 1/(e^{B + 1} \hat C_\phi )$ where $\hat C_\p...

The objective of this investigation was to study the histochemical and histological structure of the pancreas in pigeons. Samples were obtained from 9 male and 9 female adult clinically healthy pigeons. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin eosin, Verhoeff’s, Gomori’s method for reticulum, Masson’s trichrome and Maldonado’s methods for pancreatic islet cells. The pancreas of adult pige...