We study a supremacy distribution in evolving Barabasi-Albert networks. The supremacy s(i) of a node i is defined as the total number of all nodes that are not older than i and can be linked to it by a directed path (including the node i ). The nodes form a basin connected to the node i as its in-component. For a network with a characteristic parameter m=1,2,3,... , the supremacy of an individu...

Abstract Politics in Malaysia revolves around the tensions between three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians. After 1969 riots, country adopted an affirmative action programme widely regarded as racist towards non‐Malays. The rise of political Islam recent times has added a religious layer to institutional racism. This article looks at contemporary racism Malaysian community argues...

Using available data from Singapore’s national census and economic reports, national exams, international comparison studies and small-scale studies, this paper examines the sociohistorical circumstances that led to the creation of Singapore’s bilingual education policy, the results of this policy on recent academic achievement and implications for second language acquisition theory. National e...

In the course of damning the market giant Standard Oil, the Supreme Court declared that the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act is to prevent "monopoly and the acts which produce the same result as monopoly." The Constitution's Supremacy Clause, in turn, requires preemption-that is, non-enforcement-of state laws that conflict with a federal statute. Put together, these propositions suggest tha...

Under the U.S. Constitution, if federal interests conflict with state law, when must the latter give way? Although the Constitution’s text appears to resolve the question in Article VI’s Supremacy Clause, important recent scholarship argues that an approach anchored by the Supremacy Clause’s text cannot provide a practical account of modern law nor useful guidance for the future. More broadly, ...

According to the sensorimotor supremacy hypothesis, conscious perception draws on motor action. In the present report, we will sketch two lines of potential development in the field of masking research based on the sensorimotor supremacy hypothesis. In the first part of the report, evidence is reviewed that masked, invisible stimuli can affect motor responses, attention shifts, and semantic pro...