there are many benefits for coordination of multiple suppliers when single supplier cannot satisfy buyer demands.  in addition, buyer needs to purchase multiple items in a real supply chain. so, a model that satisfies these requests has many advantages. we extend the existing approaches in the literature that assume all suppliers need to be put on a common replenishment cycle and each supplier ...

The relative importance of multiple vectors to the initial establishment, spread and population dynamics of invasive species remains poorly understood. This study used molecular methods to clarify the roles of commercial shipping and recreational boating in the invasion by the cosmopolitan tunicate, Botryllus schlosseri. We evaluated (i) single vs. multiple introduction scenarios, (ii) the rela...

Аннотация: В статье анализируются социально-экономические последствия развития дропшиппинга – новой формы организации продаж, стремительно завоевывающей российский рынок. Дропшиппинг открывает огромные перспективы не только для простых людей, но и для российских производителей, которые при правильном использовании возможностей дропшиппинга могут с минимальными затратами получить прямой доступ к...

This research explores the cause variables, which affect employee involvement via diverse orientations. That is to say, it studies the relationship and effect of individual characteristic of personality traits, organizational climate of perspective of Chinese society relationship orientation, and internal marketing upon employee involvement. The population is based upon five companies from the ...

When we consider a compound such as steamship, we have two types of information that can be used to find out the meaning. On one hand, we have the meaning of the components, steam and ship. These components are words, which makes it relatively easy to determine what their meaning is in other contexts. On the other hand, we have the relation between the two components. This relation is not overt...

Most shippers go through an annual auction process of procuring transportation services, leading to an annual contract. This paper argues that the use of combinatorial auctions in this procurement can unlock significant reductions in operating costs for shippers, while protecting carriers from “winning” the lanes that do not fit their network, thus improving carriers’ operations as well. Combin...

We study collaborative shipping where two shippers bundle their shipments to share the same transportation vehicle (also known as co-loading). The goal of such a collaboration is to reduce the total number of transports, thereby reducing transportation costs and GHG emissions. To synchronize the replenishment of both companies, we adopt a can-order joint replenishment policy for both companies,...

International container shipping industry experiences important innovation after the 1980s. This is caused by the progress of Asian shipping to stay abreast of the economic development and the authorization of the revised US Shipping Act in 1984. Before the act, container shipping industry is exempt from antitrust law. The act is intended to loosen regulation and promote competition. Consequent...

This study formulates a two-objective model by individually minimizing shipping costs and inventory costs to decide whether to route a shipment through a hub or directly to its destination. First, shipping and inventory cost functions are formulated for a multi-port calling route. Shipping costs include capital and operating cost, fuel cost and port charge, while inventory costs include waiting...