The score reliability of language performance tests has attracted increasing interest. Classical Test Theory cannot examine multiple sources of measurement error. Generalizability theory extends Classical Test Theory to provide a practical framework to identify and estimate multiple factors contributing to the total variance of measurement. Generalizability theory by using analysis of variance ...

Generalizability (G) theory is a statistical theory for evaluating the dependability (or reliability) of behavioral measurements (Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, & Rajaratnam, 1972; see also Brennan, 2001; Shavelson & Webb, 1991). G theory permits the researcher to address such questions as: Is the sampling of tasks or judges the major source of measurement error? Can I improve the reliability of the ...

The concept of generalizability is not homogeneous and monolithic, but can be analyzed into four types: the generalizability of a theory to different settings, the generalizability of a theory within a setting, the generalizability of a measurement or observation, and the generalizability of a variable, construct, or other concept. In this study, we affirm the legitimacy of the statistical, sam...

In studying the case studies of traditional architectures according to Christopher Alexander’s theory about “the nature of order” and the fifteen fundamental properties introduced, it is important to note that the ontology of the theory is based on human’s indigenous feeling about architecture, which subsequently implies these kind of studies to be based on people’s cognitive images induced fro...

kant’s ethical theory is one the most important theories in philosophy of ethics, which has always attracted the attention of the commentators and critics. although it has many positive points, there are some objections to this theory just as to any other human theory. in this article, it is attempted to point out the critiques that seem to have been leveled against kant’s ethics. some of these...

Applying a measurement instrument developed in specific country to other countries raise critical and important question of interest especially cross-cultural studies. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is the most preferred used method examine applicability tools. Although CFA sophisticated technique investigate various equivalence types (structural, metric, scalar alike.), it has some limitat...

This article introduces the application of Generalizability Theory to assessing the reliability of measurements. Generalizability Theory can be used to assess reliability in the presence of multiple sources of error and also can be applied to assess reliability in the presence of different types of sources of error. In particular, the application of Generalizability Theory to measurements invol...