نتایج جستجو برای: Language Formula
تعداد نتایج: 519582 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
abstract this study examines the relationship between reading anxiety and difficulty of texts as well as the relationship between reading anxiety and students perceived difficulty of the texts. since difficulty is a relative concept, i limited its definition by sticking to the readability formula. we also took students perceived difficulty levels into account. therefore, in the present study, ...
in fact, this study focused on the following questions: 1. is there any difference between the effect of functional/notional approach and the structural approaches to language teaching on the proficiency test of efl learners? 2. can a rather innovative language test referred to as "functional test" ge devised so so to measure the proficiency test of efl learners, and thus be as much reliable an...
this study examines the effetivenss of task-based activities in helping students learn english language structures for a better communication. initially, a michigan test was administered to the two groups of 52 students majoring in english at the allameh ghotb -e- ravandi university to ensure their homogeneity. the students scores on the grammar part of this test were also regarded as their pre...
this study aimed to examine cross-cultural differences in performing refusal of requests between persian native speakers (pnss) and english native speakers (enss) in terms of the frequency of the semantic formulas. also examined in this study was whether persian efl learners would transfer their l1 refusal patterns into the l2, and if there would be a relation between their proficiency level an...
abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...
We give a de nition, in the ring language, of Zp inside Qp and of Fp[[t]] inside Fp((t)), which works uniformly for all p and all nite eld extensions of these elds, and in many other Henselian valued elds as well. The formula can be taken existential-universal in the ring language, and in fact existential in a modi cation of the language of Macintyre. Furthermore, we show the negative result th...
Tableaux originate as a decision method for a logical language. They can also be extended to obtain a structure that spells out all the information in a set of sentences in terms of truth value assignments to atomic formulas that appear in them. This approach is pursued here. Over such a structure, compositional rules are provided for obtaining the presuppositions of a logical statement from it...
the recent increase in the number of publications devoted to teaching the persian language to speakers of other languages and the development of such courses in iran and elsewhere signify a cultural movement. however, one of the shortcomings of this movement pertains to its oblivious stance to persian language proficiency. this paper aims at defining language proficiency bringing its importance...
the ability to speak two languages in the world is a remarkable achievement. there is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world because 70% of the earth’s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition, and this influence is adapted by the de...
In this mathematical approach to language complexity, a previously proposed formula for measuring grammar complexity is derived in a different way and somewhat modified. The formula measures relative language complexity, “relative” because the conveyed linguistic information is taken into account. Many examples, either abstract or representing structures of natural languages, are used in the de...
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