tomato is one of the sensitive fruits to mechanical impacts and physical tensions. the mostmechanical damages arise from handling which results in reducing tomato quality. in this study,impact energy effect has been studied in 3 different levels 0, 0.14 and 0.25 j by a pendulum impactapparatus, on changes of physicochemical properties of tomato, hybrid variety shiva f1, includingripening factor...

Introduction: As sex differences have been observed repeatedly in chronic pain, it is likely that the gonadal hormones are responsible for these differences. To investigate the responsible mechanism for chronic pain different models have been created. This study is examining the effects of gonadal hormones on nociceptive responses of the rats in CCI (chronic constriction injury) and SNI (spread...

To study the neuropathic pain mechanism, various behavioral responses of animals in to different neuropathic models were considered. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-280 g were used. Anesthesia was initially induced with pentobarbital I.P. (50 mg/kg). These models included (1): chronic constriction injury (CCI) by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve (2) Spared nerve injury (SNI) by a...

To study the neuropathic pain mechanism, various behavioral responses of animals in to different neuropathic models were considered. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-280 g were used. Anesthesia was initially induced with pentobarbital I.P. (50 mg/kg). These models included (1): chronic constriction injury (CCI) by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve (2) Spared nerve injury (SNI) by a...

objective: inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of central neuropathic pain. there are several reports that cytokine production is increased at the lesion site following spinal injury. a few studies have investigated the supraspinal levels of these cytokines. this study intended to determine tnf-α and il-6 release in the ventroposte...

background: p2x4 receptor (p2x4r), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of p2x4r on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. the present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of p2x4r, could ...

Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could ...

Tomato is one of the sensitive fruits to mechanical impacts and physical tensions. The mostmechanical damages arise from handling which results in reducing tomato quality. in this study,impact energy effect has been studied in 3 different levels 0, 0.14 and 0.25 J by a pendulum impactapparatus, on changes of physicochemical properties of tomato, hybrid variety Shiva F1, includingripening factor...