Case Description- Three female Pomeranian dogs with mean age about 1-year-old and history of seizure and sudden shock were referred to Small Animal Hospital of University of Tehran. Clinical Finding- Occipital Dysplasia was diagnosed by radiographic findings in rostrodorsal- coudoventral oblique view in all cases. Treatment and Outcome- These dogs recovered by 14 days administration of Glucoc...

Case study description and analysis of a complex craniovertebral dysplasia in an 8-year-old male patient, in which conventional cervical spine radiographs demonstrated a regularly differentiated occipital base, as well as the presence of two lateral masses of the proatlas vertebra and two lateral masses of the atlas vertebra. Further assessment included computed tomography of the occipital base...

Concurrent occurrence of occipital dysplasia and occipital hypoplasia in two dogs is described in this report. Occipital hypoplasia results in reduced volume of the caudal fossa, leading to overcrowding of the neural structures and, in severe cases, development of syringomyelia. In occipital dysplasia, there is a failure of complete ossification of the supraoccipital bone. When the two conditio...

BACKGROUND Charles Bonnet syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by complex and recurrent visual hallucinations in elderly patients with visual pathway pathologic defects. To date, to our knowledge, it has not been described in patients undergoing surgical resection for occipital lobe epilepsy due to cortical dysplasia. OBJECTIVE To describe a patient who experienced complex visual halluci...

We herein describe two cases of patients with epilepsy with occipital lobe cortical dysplasia who were studied with both MR spectroscopy and MR diffusion imaging in addition to conventional MR imaging. Greater diffusion abnormalities, as well as more marked decreases in N-acetylaspartate, were observed to occur in the patient harboring a low grade neoplasm within an area of cortical dysplasia t...

Jacob sheep (Ovis aries) are a pedigree breed known for their "polycerate" (multihorned) phenotype. We describe a four-horned Jacob lamb that exhibited progressive congenital hindlimb ataxia and paresis, and was euthanased four weeks post-partum. Necropsy and CT-scan revealed deformity and asymmetry of the occipital condyles, causing narrowing of the foramen magnum and spinal cord compression. ...

PURPOSE Cleidocranial dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by defective ossification of the intramembraneous ossification (primarily the clavicles, cranium, and pelvis), and it is caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene that is responsible for osteoblast differentiation. Spine deformities were of progressive nature and considered to be the major orthopedic abnormalities encou...

Occipital epilepsies often elude diagnosis as they frequently masquerade as other seizure syndromes. Visual hallucinations are the key clinical symptoms indicating an occipital focus, but may be difficult to elicit on history, especially from children, and are not always present. When visual symptoms are not prominent, the seizure semiology and scalp EEG may lead the clinician away from conside...

Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MGS) is a rare and lethal ciliopathic disorder, with the incidence ranging between 1 in 13 000-400 000 live births. MGS is characterized by multisystem developmental malformations with the classical features of renal cystic dysplasia, occipital encephalocele and post-axial polydactyly. Except for occipital encephalocele, the CNS abnormalities associated with MGS that are...