objective the guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is characterized by the acute onset of rapidlyprogressive, symmetric muscle  weakness with absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes. gbs is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in childhood, with an incidence of 0.6-4 per 100 000 population per year. the clinical features are distinct and obtaining patient's history and conducting an exami...

the myotonic disorders are a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases that are unified by the presence of myotonia, which is defined as failure of muscle relaxation after activation. the presentation of these disorders can range from asymptomatic electrical myotonia, as seen in some forms of myotonia congenita (mc), to severe disability with muscle weakness, cardiac conduction def...

background & objective:  periodic paralyses are a group of rare disorders that cause temporary episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis.  hypokalemic periodic paralysis usually is transmitted by an autosomal dominant trait with more penetration in men.  hypokalemic periodic paralysis may be secondary to thyrotoxicosis, hyperparathyroidism, drug  toxicity and potassium losing states. sporadic fo...

a case of renal tubular acidosis (rta) who had gradual onset of paralysis of lower extremities and persisted for a long time is presented. his primary workups were mistaken for muscular dystrophy. eventually, an abdominal ultrasonography revealed small stones in both of the kidneys and his workup for the stones were in favor of distal renal tubular acidosis and advanced rickets with hypokalemia...

acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) is a small single stranded rna virus recently classified within the family dicistroviridae, genus cripavirus. here, we describe the first study of abpv in unhealthy bee colonies, which has been an unusual loss in adult bee population and significant honey bee mortality during the year. the aim of this study was evaluation of abpv infection in honey bee colonies ...

background: normokalemic periodic paralysis is an autosomal dominant disorder involving the abnormal function of skeletal muscle’s voltage-gated alpha-subunits. it is characterized by paralysis attack of varying severity with concomitant normal serum potassium concentration. although normokalemic periodic paralysis is well established in the literature, but its cardiac manifestations are very r...