نتایج جستجو برای: Patent
تعداد نتایج: 25437 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Considering abundant economic, moral and environmental effects of genetic engineering actions, method of protection shall be in way that considered economic, moral and environmental essentials are provided. For this purpose trademark system, unfair competition system, patent and contract system and ultimately patent system have been studied. Considering formal nature of patent system, it is the...
Patent claims determining the legal protection extent of an invention play an essential role in patent rights. Type and drafting of patent claims constitute indeed the important elements for determining legal protection extent of an invention on the one hand and enforcing patenee's exclusive right against competitors on the other hand. While different drafting or interpreting methods of pate...
this paper using endogenous growth models based on research and development, has investigated two economic relations in three groups of countries included developed countries, developing countries and a mixed group of both mentioned ones. at first, the effects of r&d; activities on patent growth have examined and then the relation between volume of patent and growth rate in these groups has sur...
This case report was an attempt to present the importance of diagnostic echocardiography and closure of a patent foramen ovale in carcinoid heart disease. Herein, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a carcinoid metastasis presenting with tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, patent foramen ovale, and borderline left ventricular ejection fraction on an echocardiogram. Surgical in...
Creating legal incentive institutions is one of the grounds necessary for scientific and economic growth. By creating financial incentives for inventing, the patent system increases competition and encourages technological and as a result, economic growth. Considering it leads intellectual and financial investments into new knowledge and technology and leads to of the R&D sector, promotion of c...
persistent patent urachus with other accompanying anomalies like urethral obstruction and uroperitoniumquickly deteriorates animal conditions which necessitate prompt surgical intervention and animal salvage. a10-day-old calf was referred to clinic with mildly distended abdomen, history of umbilical dribbling and nosigns of normal urination since birth. on clinical laboratory results and ancill...
Human inventions and innovations are generally subject to legal protection but some of these innovations are not subject to legal protection. Medical methods are one of the controversial exceptions of patentability of inventions and opponents and proponents of patent ability of medical methods support propound several reasons to prove their theory. While major arguments of proponents are justif...
In this work, we present the first comprehensive molecular field analysis of patent structures on how the chemical structure of drugs impacts the biological binding. This task was formulated as searching for drug structures to reveal shared effects of substitutions across a common scaffold and the chemical features that may be responsible. We used the SureChEMBL patent database, which prov...
In this research, protection of commercial expectation has been examined. The main question is how we could identify and assess existence of commercial expectations. In response, commercial expectation are acquisition of expectable benefit in market, mass production, absence of technical failure in licensed knowledge and so on. Therefore, it is essential to response by analysis of contract law ...
Atrial septal anomalies suggested to play important role in enhancing tendency to induce cerebral embolic events. This study was undertaken to find the frequency of atrial septal anomalies including Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Aneurysm and Atrial Septal Defect in patients with etiologically unknown stroke categorized as cryptogenic.Materials and Methods: 32 patients were studied by tran...
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