The IDEAL framework describes the stages of evaluation for surgical innovations. This paper considers the role of observational studies in the exploration and assessment stages. At the exploration stage, the surgical intervention is usually more widely used, and observational studies should collect prospective data from multiple surgeons, deal with factors such as case mix and learning, and pre...

Disclosure statement: M.K. has received speaking fees from Eisai, Chugai Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Takeda Pharma and Abbott Japan. M.T. has received speaking fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Astellas Pharma and Janssen Pharma. M.M. has received speaking fees from Pfizer. S.Y. has received speaking fees from Eisai, Mitsubishi Tana...

This paper considers a two stages pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) consisting of a pharmaceutical manufacturer (pharma-manufacturer) that supplies one type of pharmaceutical product to a pharma-retailer. The customer demand rate for the pharmaceutical product is dependent on the pharma-retailer’s current-inventory level. The pharma-retailer determines the order quantity ( ) value as decision v...

Disclosure: Prof Heinz Reichmann received research grants and compensation for his involvement on advisory boards and lectures from Abbott, Abbvie, Bayer Health Care, BIAL, Boehringer/Ingelheim, Brittania, Cephalon, Desitin, GSK, Lundbeck, Medtronic, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Orion, Pfizer, TEVA, UCB Pharma, Valeant, and Zambon. Prof Werner Poewe has received honoraria for lectures and consultanc...

www.thelancet.com Published online May 19, 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(17)31344-2 1 respondents, 861 (70·3%) had a current or previous confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis; 247 (20·2%) were health-care practitioners, of whom 39 also had a diagnosis of endometriosis; 117 respondents (9·5%) did not belong to either category, with the majority being friends or family of women with e...

Competing interests Dr Braun and Dr Sieper have held consultancies and received research honoraria, speaker’s honoraria and grants/research support from Centocor, Schering-Plough, Essex Pharma, Wyeth and Abbott. Dr Zeidler has received speaker’s honoraria from Essex Pharma. Dr Burmester has held consultancies for Centocor, Essex Pharma, Wyeth and Abbott; has received honoraria from Centocor, Es...