نتایج جستجو برای: Phenotypic methods
تعداد نتایج: 1926270 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Stochastic switching is an example of phenotypic bet hedging, where offspring can express a phenotype different from that of their parents. Phenotypic switching is well documented in viruses, yeast, and bacteria and has been extensively studied when the selection pressures vary through time. However, there has been little work on the evolution of phenotypic switching under both spatially and te...
This study reports the rates of phenotypic switching in strains of Candida albicans isolated from superficial and invasive infections. Of 19 invasive strains, 68% showed switching activity, often at very high rates, compared with only 28% of 40 strains isolated from superficial sites (P = 0.004).
Stochastic switching is an example of phenotypic bet hedging, where an individual can switch between different phenotypic states in a fluctuating environment. Although the evolution of stochastic switching has been studied when the environment varies temporally, there has been little theoretical work on the evolution of phenotypic switching under both spatially and temporally fluctuating select...
A fraction of a genetically homogeneous microbial population may survive exposure to stress such as antibiotic treatment. Unlike resistant mutants, cells regrown from such persistent bacteria remain sensitive to the antibiotic. We investigated the persistence of single cells of Escherichia coli with the use of microfluidic devices. Persistence was linked to preexisting heterogeneity in bacteria...
چکیده: بررسی ادبیات مربوطه در کشور در زمینه یادگیری زبان انگلیسی نشان میدهد که علیرغم اهمیت املا در فرآیند یادگیری به طور عام و یادگیری زبان انگلیسی به طور خاص، این مولفه از جایگاهی متناسب با اهمیت آن برخوردار نیست و عمدتاً نادیده گرفته شده است. تحقیقات گستردهای در خارج از کشور در مورد ماهیت این مولفه صورت گرفته است، در حالی که به جرأت میتوان گفت در داخل کشور گامی در مورد درک ماهیت آن و فرآی...
AIMS To establish the suitability of currently available phenotypic methods for speciation of clinical Aeromonas isolates in diagnostic microbiology laboratories. METHODS Using 62 Aeromonas spp, three schemes based on biochemical reactions were compared: a series of conventional tests; a system based on the suicide phenomenon, comprising two tubes in total; and a commercially available test, ...
implicit and unobserved errors and vulnerabilities issues usually arise in cryptographic protocols and especially in authentication protocols. this may enable an attacker to make serious damages to the desired system, such as having the access to or changing secret documents, interfering in bank transactions, having access to users’ accounts, or may be having the control all over the syste...
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