Contact maps have been used in ab initio methods for the problem of protein structure prediction problem. Secondary structures and contacts made by the residues are clearly visible in the contact maps where helices are seen as thick bands and the beta sheets are seen as orthogonal to the diagonal. This paper explores the idea of extracting rules from contact maps to represent “protein fold” inf...

In recent years, much attention has been given to domain decomposition methods for solving linear elliptic problems that are based on a partitioning of the domain of the physical problem. More recently, a new class of Schwarz methods known as optimized Schwarz methods was introduced to improve the performance of the classical Schwarz methods. In this paper, we investigate the performance of thi...

Electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) is an experimental technique to determine the 3-dimensional structure for large protein complexes. Currently this technique is able to generate protein density maps at 6 to 9 Å resolution. Although secondary structures such as α-helix and β-sheet can be visualized from these maps, there is no mature approach to deduce their tertiary topology, the linear order ...

Humans have always wanted to know what the future holds in store for them. In earlier centuries, people often sought clues from sacred texts. Today, more secular approaches are increasingly used, although older persist. Modern methods prediction include trend extrapolation, Delphi method, mathematical modeling, and scenario analysis, including backcasting. Extrapolation was only possible when r...