background a review of the related medical journals indicates that there is no definite evidence-based option for managing large proximal ureteral stones, although many procedures such as transureteral lithotripsy (tul), shock wave lithotripsy (swl), percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, and open ureterolithotomy are currently used to treat this urological problem. obje...

Formation of shock waves has an important role in supercritical flows studies. These waves are often occurring during passage of supercritical flow in the non-prismatic channels. In the present study, the effect of length of contraction wall of open-channel for two different geometries (1.5 m and 0.5 m) and fixed contraction ratio was investigated on hydraulic parameters of shock waves using ex...

high speed wind tunnels are widely used in the study of fluid flow behavior around various objects. the air flow in the starting step of supersonic wind tunnels is transient including strong shock waves caused by the interaction of the tunnel main stream and the boundary layer at walls. to arrive in running step, the tunnel must be designed so as these waves leave immediately the test section. ...

Shock wave theory was first studied for gas dynamics, for which shocks appear as compression waves. A shock wave is characterized as a sharp transition, even discontinuity in the flow. In fact, shocks appear in many different physical situation and represent strong nonlinearity of the physical processes. Important progresses have been made on shock wave theory in recent years. We will survey th...

Using an apparatus that images the momentum distribution of individual, isolated 100-nm-scale plasmas, we make the first experimental observation of shock waves in nanoplasmas. We demonstrate that the introduction of a heating pulse prior to the main laser pulse increases the intensity of the shock wave, producing a strong burst of quasimonoenergetic ions with an energy spread of less than 15%....

In the current research the maximum deflection of circular plates made of AA5010 and AA1100 alloys under blast load was investigated. Shock waves were produced by exploding a spherical charge in different distances from the center of plates. The ABAQUS software uses conwep equation for blast loading analysis. It was found the results of these simulations have about 30% to 40% inaccuracy in comp...

The interaction between a shock wave and a strong vortex is simulated systematically through solving the two-dimensional, unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations using a fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory finite difference scheme. Our main purpose in this study is to characterize the flow structure and the generation of sound waves of the shock–strong vortex interaction. The ...