the term paradigm has become a central issue in philosophy of science. increasing attention to paradigm in public administration, as a branch of social science, is also highlighted. this paper attempts to analysis seven paradigms in public administration research and to study ontological, epistemological, methodological, rhetorical and axiological assumptions of the each paradigm. finally, we b...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to identify and extract the implications of critical realism for science, technology and innovation policy-making as one of the later research traditions in social sciences. Nevertheless, its main focus, according to the different stages of the policy-making cycle and extent of its contributing factors, is on the stage of "policy evaluation". Methods: Thi...

Cross-cultural research is marked by adopting one of two dominant epistemological paradigms: positivism or constructivism. By discussing strengths/weaknesses inherent in each paradigm, this paper argues that rather than contradictory and incommensurable; positivism and constructivism can be considered complementary epistemological orientations which correspond to two conceptual levels of cultur...

This article explores the perceptions of active senior researchers from different scientific and scholarly areas about scientific and scholarly writing, specifically that associated with research. The study comprises interviews with 12 researchers in four different faculties at a Swedish university: Arts, Social Sciences, Science and Technology, and Medicine. The article draws on Biglan’s (1973...

This paper discusses philosophical approaches usually employed in undertaking research general and PhD particular Humanities Social Sciences. The role of qualitative that focuses on feelings opinions collected through different methods tools is paramount disciplines like History, Economics, Sociology, Linguistics, Literature etc. article underscores the rather than methods. In addition, demonst...

the development of postmodern perspective has been considered as one of the most challenging approaches over a few last decades. many scholars maintain that postmodernism could be defined as fourth paradigms of social sciences after positivist, interpretive and critical social science. the emergence and development of this novel approach has great influences on the basics and essentials of many...

Traditionally, age research has flowed in the three streams of the biological, the medical and the social sciences. The three traditions differ most obviously in the questions they ask, but there are also conceptual and epistemological divergences. The significance of 'theory' differs between the social and biomedical sciences as does the emphasis on qualitative and quantitative methods. Often ...