prosthetic joint infection (pji) is a serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (tka). control of infection after a failed two-stage tka is not always possible, and the resolution of infection may require an above-knee amputation (aka) or a the-knee (kf). the purpose of this review is to determine which treatment method (aka or kf) yields better function and ambulatory status for patients...

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Control of infection after a failed two-stage TKA is not always possible, and the resolution of infection may require an above-knee amputation (AKA) or a the-knee (KF). The purpose of this review is to determine which treatment method (AKA or KF) yields better function and ambulatory status for patients...

In this paper, we propose an improved and efficient AKA protocol named “NS-AKA” to prevent the 3G UMTS networks from various attacks like man-in-the-middle attack, redirection attack, replay attack and active attacks in the corrupted UMTS networks. This protocol completely eliminates the need of synchronization between a mobile station and its home network, and protects the actual identity of e...

Identification, authentication and key agreement protocol of UMTS networks have some weaknesses to provide DoS-attack resistance, mutual freshness, and efficient bandwidth consumption. In this article we consider UMTS AKA and some other proposed schemes. Then we explain the known weaknesses in the previous frameworks suggested for UMTS AKA protocol. After that we propose a new UMTS AKA protocol...

This document specifies an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) mechanism for authentication and session key distribution using the UMTS AKA authentication mechanism. AKA is based on symmetric keys, and runs typically in a UMTS Subscriber Identity Module, a smart card like device. AKA provides also backward compatibility to GSM authentication, making it possible to use EAP AKA for authentic...